The .NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework for Microsoft Windows operating systems. It includes a large library, and it supports several programming languages which allows language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages). The .NET library is available to all the programming languages that .NET supports.
The .NET Framework is an integral Windows component that supports building and running the next generation of applications and XML Web services. The .NET Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives: - To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed remotely.
- To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts.
- To provide a code-execution environment that promotes safe execution of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.
- To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments.
- To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications.
- To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.
Common Language Runtime
Have you ever heard of JVM (Java Virtual Machine)? Do you know what it exactly does? If you know the answer, then it is quite easy for you to understand what Common Language Runtime (CLR) is.
Common Language Runtime has two basic roles to play in both development time experience and component’s runtime.
The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code execution, code safety verification, compilation, and other system services. These features are intrinsic to the managed code that runs on the common language runtime.
The CLR allows programmers to ignore many details of the specific CPU that will execute the program. It also provides other important services, including the following:
· Memory management
· Thread management
· Exception handling
· Garbage collection
· Security
Unified Programming ClassesHave you ever dreamt of inheriting one language’s classes in to another? How wonderful will it be when writing parts of the same application in different languages?
Unified programming classes are the answer for this thrilling question. When it comes to C++, programmers access Microsoft Foundation classes to write applications. In Java, the Windows Foundation classes are accessed by programmers when writing applications. .NET framework has integrated these two categories to one set of APIs, so the library has become language independent.
Therefore, .NET framework enables cross language error handling, debugging, and inheritance.
In addition to that, the .NET framework provides a set of libraries that are object oriented, hierarchical, and extensible.
Client and Server Application Development
Client applications are the closest to a traditional style of application in Windows-based programming. These are the types of applications that display windows or forms on the desktop, enabling a user to perform a task. Client applications include applications such as word processors and spreadsheets, as well as custom business applications such as data-entry tools, reporting tools, and so on.
reporting tools, and so on.
Server-side applications in the managed world are implemented through runtime hosts. Unmanaged applications host the common language runtime, which allows your custom managed code to control the behavior of the server. This model provides you with all the features of the common language runtime and class library while gaining the performance and scalability of the host server.
ASP.NET is the hosting environment that enables developers to use the .NET Framework to target Web-based applications.
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